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Vermilacinia zebrina
''Vermilacinia zebrina'' is a fruticose lichen that grows on bark of trees and shrubs, occasionally on rocks, in the fog regions along the Pacific Coast of North America, from Puget Sound in northern Washington〔Enlichenment web site, accessed 6 Dec 2014, nine images titled, “''Niebla cephalota''”; Photo by: Curtis Björk reported from Washington, Redondo Beach Park, northern end of Puget Sound. Date: 2011-04-02. On rock in shelter of dense shrub canopy, shortly above high tide line, sheltered cove, http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Niebla%20cephalota〕 to near El Rosario in Baja California.〔Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida〕 The epithet, ''zebrina'', is in reference to the black transverse bands on the thallus branches; however, the species is interpreted to include thalli without black bands.〔
==Distinguishing Features==
''Vermilacinia zebrina'' is classified in the subgenus ''Cylindricaria'' in which it is distinguished from related species by thallus divided into narrow cylindrical branches arising from a holdfast; branches are 1.0–4 cm long, 0.3–1 mm wide, shortly bifurcate near apex, and have soralia often larger than the diameter of the branch. Lichen substances are usually limited to zeorin and (-)-16-hydroxykaurane, in contrast to ''V. cephalota'' that usually has additional substances of depsidones, terpenes and bougeanic acid. Usnic acid, which has no taxonomic value in the genus, is present ln most if not all species in the genus.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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